2 1 kinetic particle model of matter

The three states of matter are:

True. Solids (and liquids) are not compressible.

False. Solids have a definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their container.

Liquids have no definite shape and a fixed volume.

False. Solids have a definite volume. Gases have no fixed volume.

Gases are the only state of matter that is compressible.

The properties of a solid are:

The properties of a liquid are:

The properties of a gas are:

The first particle arrangement represents a solid.

The third particle arrangement represents a gas.

The particles in solids vibrate about their fixed positions?

False. The particles in a gas are further apart than the particles in a liquid.

The particles in a liquid are free to slide past one another?

The particles in a gas are widely separated.

The particles in gases and liquids are randomly arranged.

False. The particles in a solid are arranged in a regular pattern. The particles in a liquid are randomly arranged.

The particles in a gas have the most energy. They are energetic enough to have overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction.

The particles in a solid have the least energy. They are not energetic enough to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together.

The particles in a liquid have enough energy to partially overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction. They have enough energy to slide over one another, but not enough to completely overcome the forces holding them together.

True. The pressure exerted by a gas on its container is dependent on the temperature because the particles gain energy in their kinetic store as they are heated.

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible. At zero degrees kelvin (K) the particles would not be moving, and therefore would not exert any pressure.

Absolute zero is –273 °C (which is 0 K).

True. The particles in a gas are in constant random motion at high speeds.

True. Gases moving in random thermal motion collide with the surfaces of the container and with other gas particles.

Pressure in a gas is caused by collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container.

The equation for pressure due to contact between two surfaces is Where:

Pressure is force per unit area.

Gas pressure is the force exerted by the gas particles colliding with surfaces per unit area.

Brownian motion is the random movement of larger particles in a liquid or gas produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller particles.

False. Brownian motion is evidence supporting the kinetic theory of matter.

True. Brownian motion explains the random thermal motion of particles suspended in liquids and gases.

When small particles such as pollen or smoke are suspended in a liquid or gas, they can be microscopically observed to be moving erratically. This is because they collide with smaller atoms and molecules in the air or water.

False. Water molecules, and the atoms and molecules in air, are too small to be seen under a microscope. It is because they cannot be seen when observing Brownian motion that the smoke or pollen particles appear to be moving erratically.

The atoms and molecules in the air collide with the pollen particles. The atoms and molecules are too small to be seen by the microscope, so the pollen particles appear to be moving erratically.

False. It is not possible to have negative values of temperature in degrees kelvin. 0 K is absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature.

True. 0 °C = 273 K, and an increase of 1 °C is equal to an increase in 1 K. Therefore, 10 °C = 283 K

If the temperature of a gas remains constant, the pressure increases when the volume is decreased.

If the temperature of a gas in a balloon remains constant, the volume increases when the pressure is decreased.

If the volume of a gas remains constant, the pressure increases when the temperature is increased.

True. The hotter the gas, the more energy the gas particles have in their kinetic store.

False. The cooler a gas is, the slower the gas particles move around, because they have less energy in their kinetic store.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume.

The equation for Boyle's law is Where:

The equation for Boyle's law in terms of final volume is Where: